Ecofys was asked by the Dutch ministry of the Environment (VROM) to investigate the potential of aquatic biomass for energy applications worldwide. Through a step-by-step approach a feasible potential for aquatic biomass has been determined based on literature, desk study and expert opinions. Since aquatic biomass production for energy applications is still very innovative and no commercial experiences are known today, results are considered to be only a rough indication of what this new biomass resource can mean for our transition towards a more sustainable economy.